Volatility connectedness of GCC stock markets: how global oil price volatility drives volatility spillover in GCC stock markets?

The study investigated the volatility connectedness of GCC stock market return and S&P global oil index returns using Diebold and Yilmaz (2012) method. The current study has also analyzed the possible impact of oil price volatility on net volatility spillover in GCC stock market returns pre- and post-COVID-19 period. The current study results suggest that the GCC stock markets have volatility connectedness with S&P Global Oil Index returns' volatility and across GCC stock markets. The GCC stock markets have greater volatility in their stock markets than volatility spillover from other GCC countries. Further investigation also suggests that global oil price volatility has a divergent causal impact on net spillover in GCC stock markets. Such results would enhance the understanding of GCC stock market connection, spillover, and economic channels through which GCC markets are connected.

Ethical Dilemmas in the Management of Head and Neck Cancers in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as an unforeseen challenge for head and neck cancer care providers. A similar challenge is also faced by other oncological fields, but the severity of this challenge is highest in otolaryngology because of the need for additional precautionary measures and curbs on the possibility of aerosol forming interventions related to the upper aerodigestive tract. In this narrative review, provision of ethical and consistent care on moral and professional grounds to head and neck cancer patients during the pandemic are discussed for professionals who provide head and neck oncology care.

COVID-19: Implications, Reactions and Future Directions.

Humanity has faced several foes over the centuries, a formidable one amongst them is the current pandemic of COVID-19. The symptoms of COVID-19 are more or less related to the nose and throat. Therefore, patients more often present to Ear Nose Throat (ENT) clinics with symptoms including cough, sore throat, fever and shortness of breath. In the management of head and neck pathologies, as the airway is a direct source of infection, the impact of COVID-19 holds special significance. This review has attempted to explain the various aspects of the disease itself, its diagnosis, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) to provide an overview of the evolving recommendations in head and neck patients, the future outlook and the limitations faced in developing countries specifically for ENT patients.